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提示信息| 品名：金属硅 | 牌号：441 | 产地：河南.01 |
| 硅含量≥：98（%） | 杂质含量：0.1（%） | 重量：0.5-2（kg/块） |
汽车 金属配件金属硅
【概述】
结晶型的硅是暗黑蓝色的，很脆，是典型的半导体。化学性质非常稳定。在常温下，除氟化氢以外，很难与其他物质发生反应。
中国的金属硅产能比较大，产量主要集中在贵州、云南、福建、广西、四川、湖南。其中冶金级金属硅553、441有着较广的分布区域，主要分布在贵州、湖南、四川、云南、广西、内蒙、新疆等地，其中贵州是最主要的金属硅生产省份，产量占全国产量的15%-35%。
从2008年1月1日起，中国金属硅暂定关税为10%。此次关税上调的目的是控制金属硅的出口，但尽管关税上调，中国产金属硅价格在国际市场上仍然是最低的，价格优势明显。
【生产工艺】
工业上，通常是在电炉中由碳还原二氧化硅而制得。
化学反应方程式：
SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO
这样制得的硅纯度为97~98%，叫做金属硅。再将它融化后重结晶，用酸除去杂质，得到纯度为99.7~99.8%的金属硅。如要将它做成半导体用硅，还要将其转化成易于提纯的液体或气体形式，再经蒸馏、分解过程得到多晶硅。如需得到高纯度的硅，则需要进行进一步的提纯处理。
【性 质】
含量92—98%
物理属性：
熔点 | 1687 K（1414 °C） | 熔化热 | 50.55 kJ/mol |
沸点 | 3173 K（2900 °C） | 蒸气压 | 4.77帕（1683K） |
摩尔体积 | 12.06×10-6m3/mol | 比热 | 700 J/(kg·K) |
汽化热 | 384.22 kJ/mol | 热导率 | 148 W/(m·K) |
【用 途】
硅是一种半导体材料，可用于制作半导体器件和集成电路。还可以合金的形式使用(如硅铁合金)，用于汽车和机械配件。也与陶瓷材料一起用于金属陶瓷中。还可用于制造玻璃、混凝土、砖、耐火材料、硅氧烷、硅烷。
①高纯的单晶硅是重要的半导体材料。在开发能源方面是一种很有前途的材料。
②金属陶瓷、宇宙航行的重要材料。将陶瓷和金属混合烧结，制成金属陶瓷复合材料，它耐高温，富韧性，可以切割，既继承了金属和陶瓷的各自的优点，又弥补了两者的先天缺陷。可应用于军事武器的制造。
③光导纤维通信，最新的现代通信手段。用纯二氧化硅拉制出高透明度的玻璃纤维，激光在玻璃纤维的通路里，无数次的全反射向前传输，代替了笨重的电缆。光纤通信容量高，一根头发丝那么细的玻璃纤维，可以同时传输256路电话，它还不受电、磁干扰，具有高度的保密性。光纤通信将会使21世纪人类的生活发生革命性巨变。
④性能优异的硅有机化合物。例如有机硅塑料是极好的防水涂布材料。在地下铁道四壁喷涂有机硅，可以一劳永逸地解决渗水问题。在古文物、雕塑的外表，涂一层薄薄的有机硅塑料，可以防止青苔滋生，抵挡风吹雨淋和风化。天安门广场上的人民英雄纪念碑，便是经过有机硅塑料处理表面的，因此永远洁白、清新。
【Overview】
Crystalline silicon is Dark blue, very crisp, is a typical semiconductor.Very stable chemical properties.At room temperature, in addition to other hydrogen fluoride is difficult to react with other substances.
China's relatively large silicon metal production, production mainly in Guizhou, Yunnan, Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan.Metallurgical grade silicon metal which has a wider distribution area 553,441, mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, Guizhou, which is the most important provinces of silicon metal production, production accounting for production15% -35%.
From January 1, 2008, the Chinese silicon metal provisional tariff of 10%.The tariff increases are aimed at controlling the export of silicon metal, but despite the tariff increases, the domestic silicon metal prices in the international market is still the lowest, the price advantage is obvious.
【Process】
Industry, usually in the furnace in the reduction of carbon dioxide and prepared.
Chemical reaction equation:
SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO
This silicon obtained a purity of 97 ~ 98%, called silicon metal.Then it melts recrystallization, with acid to remove impurities, the purity of 99.7 to 99.8% of metal silicon.If you want to make it into the semiconductor silicon, but also to convert it into easy-purified form of liquid or gas, and then by distillation, decomposition by polysilicon.For high purity silicon, the need for further purification treatment.
【】 Nature
Content of 92-98%
Physical properties:
Melting point
1687 K (1414 ° C)
Melting heat
50.55 kJ / mol
Boiling point
3173 K (2900 ° C)
Vapor pressure
4.77 Pa (1683K)
Molar volume
12.06 × 10-6m3/mol
Specific heat
700 J / (kg · K)
Heat of vaporization
384.22 kJ / mol
Thermal conductivity
148 W / (m · K)
【Usage】
Silicon is a semiconductor material that can be used to make semiconductor devices and integrated circuits.You can also use the form alloys (such as silicon alloy) for the automotive and machinery parts.Also, together with the ceramic materials for metal ceramics.Can also be used in the manufacture of glass, concrete, bricks, refractory material, siloxane, silane.
① high purity of silicon is an important semiconductor material.In the development of energy sources is a promising material.
② Metal Ceramics, Astronautical important material.Sintered ceramic and metal mixture, made of metal-ceramic composite material, which heat, Toughness, can cut both metal and ceramic inherited the merits, but also to make up for the two birth defects.Can be used in the manufacture of military weapons.
③ optical fiber communications, the latest of modern means of communication.Drawn with a pure silica glass fiber with high transparency, the glass fiber laser channel, the countless times the total reflection of forward transmission, instead of bulky cable.High capacity optical fiber communication, a human hair so thin glass fibers, can also transmit 256 TEL, also without electricity, magnetic interference, with a high degree of confidentiality.Optical fiber communication will make the 21st century revolutionize human life.
④-performance silicon organic compounds.For example, silicone is an excellent waterproof plastic coating material.In the subway walls silicone spray, water seepage problems can be resolved once and for all.In ancient artifacts, sculptures appearance, a thin layer of silicone coated plastic, can prevent breeding moss, resist wind and rain and weathering.Monument to the People's Heroes in Tiananmen Square, is through the surface of silicone plastic handle, so always white, fresh.
